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Árpád (c. 845 – c. 907), the second
Grand Prince of the Magyars (c. 895 – c. 907). Under his rule the
Magyar people settled in the
Carpathian basin. The
dynasty descending from him ruled the Magyar tribes and later the
Kingdom of Hungary until 1301.
His life
Árpád was the son of Grand Prince
Álmos, leader of the
Hungarian tribal federation; his mother's name and descent is unknown.
In 894, Árpád and
Kurszán negotiated together with the representatives of the
Byzantine emperor,
Leo VI the Wise the terms under which the confederation of the Magyar tribes was willing to assist the
Byzantine Empire against Emperor
Simeon I of Bulgaria.
.
In the spring of next year, the Magyar tribes attacked the
Bulgarian Empire and defeated Emperor Simeon I, obliging him to conclude peace with the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Simeon, however, entered into an alliance with the
Pechenegs, who were the eastern neighbours of the Hungarian tribal federation, and he made an attack against the Magyar troops. In the
Battle of Southern Buh, Emperor Simeon I defeated their army; shortly afterwards, the Pechenegs attacked and pillaged their territories. The Magyar tribes were obliged to leave
Etelköz and move to the
Carpathian Basin where they settled down (
Honfoglalás).
The circumstances of Álmos' death are unclear. The leaders of the seven Hungarian tribes proclaimed Árpád to
Grand Prince of the Magyars; therefore Árpád is considered traditionally to lead the
Honfoglalás ("the occupation of the country").
In 896 the Hungarian tribes occupied the Upper
Tisza river, from there they undertook numerous looting raids in central and western Europe, and in 900/901 they moved to
Pannonia. The Magyars entering the Pannonian fields in 896 may have represented about 200,000–250,000 people.
Based on Arabic sources, Árpád's title seems to have been
kende or
gyula. In that time
kende was the spiritual leader of the Magyar tribes, while the
gyula led their military campaigns. According to legends, Árpád hold the first "parliamentary" session with 40 other "nobles" on horseback before 900 AD.
Children
- Levente
- Tarhos (Tarkacsu) (? – ?)
- Üllő (Jeleg or Jeleg) (? – ?)
- Jutocsa (Jutas) (? – ?)
- Zoltan of Hungary (947 – ?)
Legacy
Although he isn't considered the founder of the
Kingdom of Hungary – that was his descendant
Stephen I –, he's generally thought of as the forefather of
Hungarians and is often affectionally mentioned as
our father Árpád. Árpád was the founder of the
dynasty named after him, which would rule over the
kingdom of Hungary till 1301.
Sources
Kristó, Gyula - Makk, Ferenc: Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (IPC Könyvek, 1996)
Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század), főszerkesztő: Kristó, Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel, Pál és Makk, Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)
Kristó, Gyula: A Kárpát-medence és a magyarság régmúltja (1301-ig) (Szegedi Középkortörténeti Könyvtár, Szeged, 1993)
Magyarország Történeti Kronológiája I. – A kezdetektől 1526-ig, főszerkesztő: Benda Kálmán (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1981)
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